- 签了备忘录后下一步是什么？
- 什么情况下备忘录会无效？
- 备忘录可以被“违约”吗？
- “违约”的后果是怎样？
Google 上对这两种备忘录有很多不同的答案，而我对马来西亚的合约/备忘录律法一点都不通，想到的是就直接拿Bursa的公告查查看吧。
MoU Examples
| 标题 | 需要签Definitive Agreement | 时限 | 停止/违约 | Screenshot |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAPURA RESOURCES BERHAD ('SRB' OR 'THE COMPANY') - MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING ('MOU') BETWEEN SRB AND MTU ASIA PTE LTD | Yes | 3 Months | N/A |  |
| MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING PESTECH INTERNATIONAL BERHAD ("PESTECH" or "THE COMPANY") - Memorandum of Understanding between PESTECH Power Sdn. Bhd. and RS Renewables K.K. | Yes | N/A | termination allowed by written notice, no penalty |  |
| MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING N2N CONNECT BERHAD ("N2N" OR "THE COMPANY") MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING WITH SBI HOLDINGS, INC. | Yes | 1 Year | N/A |  |
| Thomson Medical Group Limited ("TMGL") - Memorandum of Understanding | Yes | 6 Months | 15 days written notice, no penalty |  |
| MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FURTHER EXTENSION OF THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) BETWEEN GABUNGAN AQRS BERHAD (GBGAQRS OR THE COMPANY) AND TERA CAPITAL LTD. (TERA CAPITAL) | Yes | 3 Months, can extend | N/A |  |
| MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN CREST BUILDER SDN BHD AND T7 KEMUNCAK SDN BHD | Yes | N/A | N/A |  |
MoA Examples
| 标题 | 需要签Definitive Agreement | 时限 | 停止/违约 | Screenshot |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OTHERS MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT (MOA) BETWEEN DATO MOHD RAZALY BIN MAULUD, DATIN RUBAIZAH BINTI SAKARI AND HO WAH GENTING BERHAD | Yes | 6 months | Can, no penalty |  |
| MY E.G. Services Berhad ("MYEG" or "the Company") - Memorandum of Agreement entered between National Bureau of Investigation, I-Pay MYEG Philippines Inc. and I-Pay Commerce Ventures, Inc | No | 3 years | pursuant to the relevant provisions of the MOA |  |
| Memorandum of Agreement between CIMB Bank Philippines Inc. and G-Xchange, Inc | No | 3 years | N/A |  |
| Memorandum of Agreement with China Nuclear Industry Huaxing Construction Co., Ltd. | Kind of | N/A | N/A |  |
| Memorandum of Agreement between Sumatec Resources Berhad & China National Petroleum Corporation - Liaohe | No | N/A | See screenshot |  |
| MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT (DEVELOPMENT PHASE) ENTERED INTO BETWEEN PRESTARIANG TECH SERVICES SDN BHD ("PTECH") AND IN CONTINU ET SERVICES ("INCS") | No | 32 months | N/A |  |
结论
虽然example有点少（因为很难找），可是可以看到 MoU 和 MoA 还是有区别的。主要还是要详细阅读里边提到的条例。
MoU 就是名副其实的备忘录，就是告诉大家本公司已经和谁谁开始有交谈，而且我们已经有一个大概的方向，我们会继续详谈然后再正式签合约。
MoA 虽然也是备忘录，可是里边已经列出目标和条例了，大多数已经协议好，不需要再进一步详谈，也不需再签另一份合约。而有效期就是签MoA的时间，也就是即时马上开工了。
如果在座有大马律师，请不要客气指点指点！
MoU 就是名副其实的备忘录，就是告诉大家本公司已经和谁谁开始有交谈，而且我们已经有一个大概的方向，我们会继续详谈然后再正式签合约。
MoA 虽然也是备忘录，可是里边已经列出目标和条例了，大多数已经协议好，不需要再进一步详谈，也不需再签另一份合约。而有效期就是签MoA的时间，也就是即时马上开工了。
如果在座有大马律师，请不要客气指点指点！